Research Statistics Central

Objective and Background :  You have text data that is UTF encoded and need SAS/R to read and write datasets with that encoding.  If you have ever printed or viewed text information, and seen something like Giuffr?Ÿ’e?ƒe?Ÿƒ?ÿ?›ƒ?ªƒ?›?Ÿ’e›ƒ?ª­?Ÿƒeee, then you are running into this encoding issue.  Computers store text using numbers, with each number assigned to a particular character.  See  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII  to find that the character & is stored as 38 when using the ASCII encoding.  Unicode is popular internationally because it encodes special characters such as accented letters, and UTF-8 is a widely used version ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8 ).  In UTF-8 the & character is stored as 26, and you can imagine how the jumbled example above arises from the confusion of what letters are being stored. Solution 1 :  Use options to request that individual datasets be read and written in a particular encoding.  In SAS, specify encoding options on the vario